©2004 by Marc J. Rochkind. All rights reserved. Portions marked "Open Source" may be copied under license.

 

                 

---

SUS_Summary

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/* Do not modify this file -- it was generated automatically. */
/**
\par Description:
Clear fd_set bit
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.2.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/select.h
*/
void FD_CLR(
int fd, /**< file descriptor to clear*/
fd_set *fdset   /**< fd_set*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Test fd_set bit
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.2.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/select.h
\return 1 if set or 0 if clear (no error return)
*/
int FD_ISSET(
int fd, /**< file descriptor to test*/
fd_set *fdset   /**< fd_set*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set fd_set bit
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.2.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/select.h
*/
void FD_SET(
int fd, /**< file descriptor to set*/
fd_set *fdset   /**< fd_set*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Clear entire fd_set
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.2.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/select.h
*/
void FD_ZERO(
fd_set *fdset   /**< fd_set to clear*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Terminate process without clean-up
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.7)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return Does not return
*/
void _Exit(
int status  /**< exit status*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Terminate process without clean-up
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.7)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return Does not return
*/
void _exit(
int status  /**< exit status*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Jump to jump point without restoring signal mask
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.6)
\par Headers:
    setjmp.h
*/
void _longjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info,   /**< saved location information*/
int val /**< value for setjmp to return*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set jump point
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.6)
\par Headers:
    setjmp.h
\return 0 if called directly, non-zero if from longjmp (no error return)
*/
int _setjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info    /**< saved location information*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Generate SIGABRT
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.1.9)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return Does not return
*/
void abort(void);
/**
\par Description:
Accept new connection on socket and create new socket
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int accept(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
struct sockaddr *sa,    /**< socket address or NULL*/
socklen_t *sa_len   /**< address length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Determine accessibility of file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.8.1)
<p>R_OK     read permission 
<br>W_OK        write permission 
<br>X_OK        execute (search) permission 
<br>F_OK        test for existence 
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 if allowed or -1 if not or on error (sets errno)
*/
int access(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
int what    /**< permission to be tested*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Cancel asynchronous I/O request
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.5)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return result code or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int aio_cancel(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
struct aiocb *aiocbp    /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Retrieve error status for asynchronous I/O operation
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.4)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0, errno value, or EINPROGRESS (does not set errno)
*/
int aio_error(
const struct aiocb *aiocbp  /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Initiate buffer-cache flushing for one file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.6)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int aio_fsync(
int op, /**< O_SYNC or O_DSYNC*/
struct aiocb *aiocbp    /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Asynchronous read from file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.3)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int aio_read(
struct aiocb *aiocbp    /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Retrieve return status of asynchronous I/O operation
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.4)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return operation return value or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
ssize_t aio_return(
struct aiocb *aiocbp    /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Wait for asynchronous I/O request
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.7)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int aio_suspend(
const struct aiocb *const list[],   /**< array of control blocks*/
int cbcnt,  /**< number of elements in array*/
const struct timespec *timeout  /**< max time to wait*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Asynchronous write to file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.3)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int aio_write(
struct aiocb *aiocbp    /**< control block*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Schedule an alarm signal
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.1)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return seconds left on previous alarm or zero if none (no error return)
*/
unsigned alarm(
unsigned secs   /**< seconds until signal*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert broken-down time to local-time string
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return string or NULL on error (errno not set)
*/
char *asctime(
const struct tm * tmbuf /**< broken-down time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Register function to be called when process exits
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.3.4)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return 0 on success, non-zero on error (errno not set)
*/
int atexit(
void (*fcn)(void)   /**< function to be called*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Bind name to socket
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int bind(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
const struct sockaddr *sa,  /**< socket address*/
socklen_t sa_len    /**< address length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get input speed from termios structure
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.5.3)
\par Headers:
    termios.h
\return speed (no error return)
*/
speed_t cfgetispeed(
const struct termios *tp    /**< attributes*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get output speed from termios structure
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.5.3)
\par Headers:
    termios.h
\return speed (no error return)
*/
speed_t cfgetospeed(
const struct termios *tp    /**< attributes*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set input speed in termios structure
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.5.3)
\par Headers:
    termios.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (may set errno)
*/
int cfsetispeed(
struct termios *tp, /**< attributes*/
speed_t speed   /**< speed*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set output speed in termios structure
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.5.3)
\par Headers:
    termios.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (may set errno)
*/
int cfsetospeed(
struct termios *tp, /**< attributes*/
speed_t speed   /**< speed*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change current directory by path
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.6.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int chdir(
const char *path    /**< pathname*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change mode of file by path
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.7.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int chmod(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
mode_t mode /**< new mode*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change owner and group of file by path
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.7.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int chown(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
uid_t uid,  /**< new user ID*/
gid_t gid   /**< new group ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change root directory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.14)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int chroot(
const char *path    /**< path name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get execution time
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.2)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return time in CLOCKS_PER_SEC or -1 on error (errno not set)
*/
clock_t clock(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get process CPU-time clock
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.5)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or error number on error
*/
int clock_getcpuclockid(
pid_t pid,  /**< process ID*/
clockid_t *clock_id /**< returned clock ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get clock resolution
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.5)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int clock_getres(
clockid_t clock_id, /**< clock ID*/
struct timespec *res    /**< resolution*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get time from clock
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.5)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int clock_gettime(
clockid_t clock_id, /**< clock ID (CLOCK_REALTIME, etc.)*/
struct timespec *tp /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Suspend execution for nanoseconds or until signal
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.5)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or error number on error
*/
int clock_nanosleep(
clockid_t clock_id, /**< clock ID*/
int flags,  /**< TIMER_ABSTIME or zero*/
const struct timespec *nsecs,   /**< nanoseconds to sleep*/
struct timespec *remain /**< remaining time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set clock
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.5)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int clock_settime(
clockid_t clock_id, /**< clock ID*/
const struct timespec *tp   /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Close file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.11)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int close(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Close directory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.6.1)
\par Headers:
    dirent.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int closedir(
DIR *dirp   /**< DIR pointer from opendir*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get configuration string
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.5.7)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return size of value or 0 on error (sets errno on error)
*/
size_t confstr(
int name,   /**< option or limit name*/
char *buf,  /**< returned string value*/
size_t len  /**< size of buf*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Connect socket
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int connect(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
const struct sockaddr *sa,  /**< socket address*/
socklen_t sa_len    /**< address length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Create or truncate a file for writing
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.4.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
    , fcntl.h
\return file descriptor  or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int creat(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
mode_t perms    /**< permissions*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get pathname for controlling terminal
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.7)
\par Headers:
    stdio.h
\return pathname or empty string on error (errno not set)
*/
char *ctermid(
char *buf   /**< buffer of size L_ctermid or NULL*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert time_t to local-time string
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return string or NULL on error (errno not set)
*/
char *ctime(
const time_t *t /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Subtract two time_t values
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return time1 - time0 in seconds (no error return)
*/
double difftime(
time_t time1,   /**< time*/
time_t time0    /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Duplicate file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 6.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return new file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int dup(
int fd  /**< file descriptor to duplicate*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Duplicate file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 6.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return new file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int dup2(
int fd, /**< file descriptor to duplicate*/
int fd2 /**< file descriptor to use*/
);
/**
\par Description:
End host-database scan
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
*/
void endhostent(void);
/**
\par Description:
End network-database scan
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.2)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
*/
void endnetent(void);
/**
\par Description:
End protocol-database scan
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.3)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
*/
void endprotoent(void);
/**
\par Description:
End service-database scan
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.4)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
*/
void endservent(void);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument list
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execl(
const char *path,   /**< program pathname*/
const char *arg0,   /**< first arg (file name)*/
const char *arg1,   /**< second arg*/
...,    /**< remaining args*/
NULL    /**< arg list terminator*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument list and environment
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execle(
const char *path,   /**< program pathname*/
const char *arg0,   /**< first arg (file name)*/
const char *arg1,   /**< second arg*/
...,    /**< remaining args*/
NULL    /**< arg list terminator*/
char *const envv[]*/    /**< environment vector*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument list and PATH search
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execlp(
const char *file,   /**< program file name*/
const char *arg0,   /**< first arg (file name)*/
const char *arg1,   /**< second arg*/
...,    /**< remaining args*/
NULL    /**< arg list terminator*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument vector
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execv(
const char *path,   /**< program pathname*/
char *const argv[]  /**< argument vector*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument vector and environment
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execve(
const char *path,   /**< program pathname*/
char *const argv[], /**< argument vector*/
char *const envv[]  /**< environment vector*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Execute file with argument vector and PATH search
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int execvp(
const char *file,   /**< program file name*/
char *const argv[]  /**< argument vector*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Terminate process with clean-up
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.7)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return Does not return
*/
void exit(
int status  /**< exit status*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change current directory by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.6.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fchdir(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change mode of file by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.7.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fchmod(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
mode_t mode /**< new mode*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change owner and group of file by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.7.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fchown(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
uid_t uid,  /**< new user ID*/
gid_t gid   /**< new group ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Control open file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.8.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
    , fcntl.h
\return result depending on op or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fcntl(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
int op, /**< operation*/
... /**< optional argument depending on op*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Force buffer-cache flushing for one file’s data
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.16.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fdatasync(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Create new process
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.5)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return child’s process-ID and 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
pid_t fork(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get system option or limit by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.5.6)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return option/limit value or -1 (sets errno on error)
*/
long fpathconf(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
int name    /**< option or limit name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Free socket-address information
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.6)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
    , netdb.h
*/
void freeaddrinfo(
struct addrinfo *infop      /**< list to free*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get file info by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fstat(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
struct stat *buf    /**< returned information*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get file system information by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.2.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/statvfs.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fstatvfs(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
struct statvfs *buf /**< returned info*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Schedule or force buffer-cache flushing for one file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.16.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int fsync(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Generate System V IPC key
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.4.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/ipc.h
\return key on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
key_t ftok(
const char *path,   /**< pathname of existing file*/
int id  /**< desired key number*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Truncate or stretch file by file descriptor
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.17)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int ftruncate(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
off_t length    /**< new length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get error-code description
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.6)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return string (no error return)
*/
const char *gai_strerror(
int code    /**< error code*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get socket-address information
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.6)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
    , netdb.h
\return 0 on success or error number on error (errno not set)
*/
int getaddrinfo(
const char *nodename,   /**< node name*/
const char *servname,   /**< service name*/
const struct addrinfo *hint,    /**< hint*/
struct addrinfo **infop /**< returned info as linked list*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get current directory pathname
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.4.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return pathname or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
char *getcwd(
char *buf,  /**< returned pathname*/
size_t bufsize  /**< size of buf*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert string to broken-down time with rules
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return broken-down time or NULL on error (sets getdate_err)
*/
struct tm *getdate(
const char *s   /**< string to convert*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get effective group ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.11)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return group ID (no error return)
*/
gid_t getegid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get value of environment variable
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.2)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return value or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
char *getenv(
const char *var /**< variable to find*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get effective user ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.11)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return user ID (no error return)
*/
uid_t geteuid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get real group ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.11)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return group ID (no error return)
*/
gid_t getgid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get group-file entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.5.2)
\par Headers:
    grp.h
\return pointer to structure or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
struct group *getgrgid(
gid_t gid   /**< group ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup host by address
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to hostent or NULL on error (sets h_errno)
*/
struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(
const void *addr,   /**< IP address*/
socklen_t len,  /**< length of address*/
int family  /**< family (called “type” in SUS)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup host by name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to hostent or NULL on error (sets h_errno)
*/
struct hostent *gethostbyname(
const char *nodename,   /**< node name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get next host-database entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return next entry or NULL on end of database (errno not set)
*/
struct hostent *gethostent(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get identifier for local host
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return identifier (no error return)
*/
long gethostid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get name of host
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.7)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (errno not set)
*/
int gethostname(
char *name, /**< returned name*/
size_t namelen  /**< size of name buffer*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get value of interval timer
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.4)
\par Headers:
    sys/time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getitimer(
int which,  /**< timer to get*/
struct itimerval *val   /**< returned value*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get login name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.5.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return name or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
char *getlogin(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get name information
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
    , netdb.h
\return 0 on success or error number on error
*/
int getnameinfo(
const struct sockaddr *sa,  /**< socket address*/
socklen_t sa_len,   /**< socket-address length*/
char *nodename, /**< node name*/
socklen_t nodelen,  /**< node-name buffer length*/
char *servname, /**< service name*/
socklen_t servlen,  /**< service-name buffer length*/
unsigned flags  /**< flags*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup network by number
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.2)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to netent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct netent *getnetbyaddr(
uint32_t net,   /**< network number (to match n_net member)*/
int type    /**< family (to match n_addrtype member)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup network by name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.2)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to netent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct netent *getnetbyname(
const char *name    /**< network name (to match n_name member)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get network-database entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.2)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to netent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
*/
struct netent *getnetent(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get socket address of connected socket
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.9.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getpeername(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
struct sockaddr *sa,    /**< socket address*/
socklen_t *sa_len   /**< address length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get process-group ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.3.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return process-group ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
pid_t getpgid(
pid_t pid   /**< process ID or 0 for calling process*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get process ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.13)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return process ID (no error return)
*/
pid_t getpid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get parent process ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.13)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return parent process ID (no error return)
*/
pid_t getppid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup protocol by name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.3)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct protoent *getprotobyname(
const char *name    /**< protocol name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup protocol by number
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.3)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct protoent *getprotobynumber(
int proto   /**< protocol number*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get protocol-database entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.3)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to protoent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
*/
struct protoent *getprotoent(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get password-file entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.5.2)
\par Headers:
    pwd.h
\return pointer to structure or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
struct passwd *getpwuid(
uid_t uid   /**< user ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get resource limits
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.16)
\par Headers:
    sys/resource.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getrlimit(
int resource,   /**< resource*/
struct rlimit *rlp  /**< returned limits*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get resource usage
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.16)
\par Headers:
    sys/resource.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getrusage(
int who,    /**< RUSAGE_SELF or RUSAGE_CHILDREN*/
struct rusage *r_usage  /**< returned usage information*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup service by name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.4)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct servent *getservbyname(
const char *name,   /**< */
const char *proto   /**< */
);
/**
\par Description:
Lookup service by port
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.4)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to protoent or NULL if not found (errno not set)
*/
struct servent *getservbyport(
int port,   /**< */
const char *proto   /**< */
);
/**
\par Description:
Get service-database entry
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.4)
\par Headers:
    netdb.h
\return pointer to servent or NULL end of database (errno not set)
*/
struct servent *getservent(void);
/**
\par Description:
Get session ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.3.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return session ID or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
pid_t getsid(
pid_t pid   /**< process ID or 0 for calling process*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get socket address
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.9.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getsockname(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
struct sockaddr *sa,    /**< socket address*/
socklen_t *sa_len   /**< address length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get the socket options
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int getsockopt(
int socket, /**< socket*/
int level,  /**< level to be accessed*/
int option, /**< option to set*/
const void *value,  /**< value to set*/
socklen_t *value_len    /**< length of value*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get current date and time as timeval
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 (maybe) on error (may set errno)
*/
int gettimeofday(
struct timeval *tvalbuf,    /**< returned time*/
void *dummy /**< always NULL*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get real user ID
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.11)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return user ID (no error return)
*/
uid_t getuid(void);
/**
\par Description:
Convert time_t to UTC broken-down time
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return broken-down time (no error return)
*/
struct tm *gmtime(
const time_t *t /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get access to slave side of pty
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.10.1)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int grantpt(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert 32-bit value from host to network byte order
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.4)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return number in network byte order (no error return)
*/
uint32_t htonl(
uint32_t hostnum    /**< 32-bit number in host byte order*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert 16-bit value from host to network byte order
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.4)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return number in network byte order (no error return)
*/
uint16_t htons(
uint16_t hostnum    /**< 16-bit number in host byte order*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Free array allocated by if_nameindex
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.5)
\par Headers:
    net/if.h
*/
void if_freenameindex(
struct if_nameindex *ptr    /**< pointer to array*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Map network interface index to name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.5)
\par Headers:
    net/if.h
\return name or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
char *if_indextoname(
unsigned ifindex,   /**< interface index*/
char *ifname    /**< interface name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get all network interface names and indexes
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.5)
\par Headers:
    net/if.h
\return array or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
struct if_nameindex *if_nameindex(void);
/**
\par Description:
Map network interface name to index
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.8.5)
\par Headers:
    net/if.h
\return index or 0 on error (errno not set)
*/
unsigned if_nametoindex(
const char *ifname  /**< interface name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert dotted IPv4 address string to integer
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.3)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return IP address or (in_addr_t)-1 on error (errno not set)
*/
in_addr_t inet_addr(
const char *cp  /**< dotted IP address*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert integer IPv4 address to dotted string
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.2.3)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return string (no error return)
*/
char *inet_ntoa(
struct in_addr in   /**< integer address*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert IPv4 or IPv6 binary addresses to string
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.9.5)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return string or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
const char *inet_ntop(
int domain, /**< AF_INET or AF_INET6*/
const void *src,    /**< pointer to binary address (input)*/
char *dst,  /**< string (output)*/
socklen_t dst_len   /**< length of dst buffer*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert IPv4 or IPv6 string addresses to binary
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.9.5)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return 1 on success, 0 on invalid string, or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int inet_pton(
int domain, /**< AF_INET or AF_INET6*/
const char *src,    /**< string (input)*/
void *dst   /**< buffer for binary address (output)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Control a character device
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.4)
\par Headers:
    ...
\return -1 on error (sets errno); some other value on success
*/
int ioctl(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
int req,    /**< request*/
... /**< arguments that depend on request*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Test for a terminal
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 4.7)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 1 if a terminal and 0 if not (may set errno on 0 return)
*/
int isatty(
int fd  /**< file descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Generate signal for processes
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.1.9)
\par Headers:
    signal.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int kill(
pid_t pid,  /**< process ID or other specification*/
int signum  /**< signal*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Generate signal for process group
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.1.9)
\par Headers:
    signal.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int killpg(
pid_t pgrp, /**< process-group ID*/
int signum  /**< signal*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change owner and group of symbolic link by path
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.7.2)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int lchown(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
uid_t uid,  /**< user ID*/
gid_t gid   /**< group ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Create hard link
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.3.1)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int link(
const char *oldpath,    /**< old pathname*/
const char *newpath /**< new pathname*/
);
/**
\par Description:
List-directed I/O
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.9.9)
\par Headers:
    aio.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int lio_listio(
int mode,   /**< LIO_WAIT or LIO_NOWAIT*/
struct aiocb *const list[], /**< array of control blocks*/
int cbcnt,  /**< number of elements in array*/
struct sigevent *sig    /**< NULL or signal to generate*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Mark socket for accepting and set queue limit
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/socket.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int listen(
int socket_fd,  /**< socket file descriptor*/
int backlog /**< maximum connection queue length*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert time_t to local broken-down time
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return broken-down time (no error return)
*/
struct tm *localtime(
const time_t *t /**< time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Lock section of file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.11.3)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int lockf(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
int op, /**< operation*/
off_t len   /**< length of section*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Jump to jump point
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.6)
\par Headers:
    setjmp.h
*/
void longjmp(
jmp_buf loc_info,   /**< saved location information*/
int val /**< value for setjmp to return*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set and get file offset
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.13)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return new file offset or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
off_t lseek(
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
off_t pos,  /**< position*/
int whence  /**< interpretation*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get file info by path without following symbolic link
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int lstat(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
struct stat *buf    /**< returned information*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Make directory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.6.3)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mkdir(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
mode_t perms    /**< permissions*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Make a FIFO
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.2.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mkfifo(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
mode_t perms    /**< permissions*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Make file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.8.2)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mknod(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
mode_t perms,   /**< mode*/
dev_t dev   /**< device-ID*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Create and open file with unique name
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.7)
\par Headers:
    stdlib.h
\return open file descriptor or -1 on error (may not set errno)
*/
int mkstemp(
char *template  /**< template for file name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert local broken-down time to time_t
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.7.1)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return time or -1 on error (errno not set)
*/
time_t mktime(
struct tm *tmbuf    /**< broken-down time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Map pages of memory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.14.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/mman.h
\return pointer to segment or MAP_FAILED on error (sets errno)
*/
void *mmap(
void *addr, /**< desired address or NULL*/
size_t len, /**< length of segment*/
int prot,   /**< protection (see below)*/
int flags,  /**< flags*/
int fd, /**< file descriptor*/
off_t off   /**< offset in file or shared-memory object*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Mount file system (non-standard)
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.2.4)
\par Headers:
    sys/mount.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mount(
const char *source, /**< device*/
const char *target, /**< directory*/
const char *type,   /**< type (e.g., ext2)*/
unsigned long flags,    /**< mount flags (e.g., MS_RDONLY)*/
const void *data    /**< file-system-dependent data*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Close message queue
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return zero on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_close(
mqd_t mqd   /**< message-queue descriptor*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get message-queue attributes
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_getattr(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
struct mq_attr *attr    /**< attributes*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Register or unregister for message notification
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_notify(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
const struct sigevent *ep   /**< notification*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Open message-queue
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
<p>mqd_t mq_open(
<br>const char *name,       POSIX IPC name 
<br>int flags,      flags (including O_CREAT) 
<br>mode_t perms,       permissions 
<br>struct mq_attr *attr        attributes (or NULL) 
<br>);
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return message-queue descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
mqd_t mq_open(
const char *name,   /**< POSIX IPC name*/
int flags   /**< flags (excluding O_CREAT)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Receive message
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return size of message or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
ssize_t mq_receive(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
char *msg,  /**< message buffer*/
size_t msgsize, /**< size of message buffer*/
unsigned *priorityp /**< returned priority or NULL*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Send message
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_send(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
const char *msg,    /**< message*/
size_t msgsize, /**< size of message*/
unsigned priority   /**< priority*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Set message queue attributes (<b>REALTIME</b>)
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_setattr(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
const struct mq_attr *attr, /**< new attributes*/
struct mq_attr *oldattr /**< old attributes*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Receive message with timeout
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
    , mqueue.h
    , time.h
\return size of message or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
ssize_t mq_timedreceive(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
char *msg,  /**< message buffer*/
size_t msgsize, /**< size of message buffer*/
unsigned *priorityp /**< returned priority or NULL*/
const struct timespec *tmout    /**< timeout*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Send message with timeout
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
    , mqueue.h
    , time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_timedsend(
mqd_t mqd,  /**< message-queue descriptor*/
const char *msg,    /**< message*/
size_t msgsize, /**< size of message*/
unsigned priority   /**< priority*/
const struct timespec *tmout    /**< timeout*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Remove message queue
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.7.1)
\par Headers:
    mqueue.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int mq_unlink(
const char *name    /**< POSIX IPC name*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Control message queue
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/msg.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int msgctl(
int msqid,  /**< identifier*/
int cmd,    /**< command*/
struct msqid_ds *data   /**< data for command*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get message-queue identifier
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/msg.h
\return identifier or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int msgget(
key_t key,  /**< key*/
int flags   /**< creation flags*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Receive message
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/msg.h
\return number of bytes placed in mtext or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
ssize_t msgrcv(
int msqid,  /**< identifier*/
const void *msgp,   /**< message*/
size_t mtextsize,   /**< size of mtext buffer*/
long msgtype,   /**< message type requested*/
int flags   /**< flags*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Send message
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.5.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/msg.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int msgsnd(
int msqid,  /**< identifier*/
const void *msgp,   /**< message*/
size_t msgsize, /**< size of message*/
int flags   /**< flags*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Unmap pages of memory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 7.14.1)
\par Headers:
    sys/mman.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int munmap(
void *addr, /**< pointer to segment*/
size_t len  /**< length of segment*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Suspend execution for nanoseconds or until signal
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 9.7.3)
\par Headers:
    time.h
\return 0 on success or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int nanosleep(
const struct timespec *nsecs,   /**< nanoseconds to sleep*/
struct timespec *remain /**< remaining time*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Change nice value
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 5.15)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return old nice value - NZERO or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int nice(
int incr    /**< increment*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert 32-bit value from network to host byte order
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.4)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return number in host byte order (no error return)
*/
uint32_t ntohl(
uint32_t netnum /**< 32-bit number in network byte order*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Convert 16-bit value from network to host byte order
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 8.1.4)
\par Headers:
    arpa/inet.h
\return number in host byte order (no error return)
*/
uint16_t ntohs(
uint16_t netnum /**< 16-bit number in network byte order*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Open or create a file
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 2.4)
\par Headers:
    sys/stat.h
    , fcntl.h
\return file descriptor or -1 on error (sets errno)
*/
int open(
const char *path,   /**< pathname*/
int flags,  /**< flags*/
mode_t perms    /**< permissions (when creating)*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Open directory
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 3.6.1)
\par Headers:
    dirent.h
\return DIR pointer or NULL on error (sets errno)
*/
DIR *opendir(
const char *path    /**< directory pathname*/
);
/**
\par Description:
Get system option or limit by path
(Std. UNIX; see AUP2 Sec. 1.5.6)
\par Headers:
    unistd.h
\return option/limit value or -1 (sets errno on error)
<